Self-Identification in a Spanish barrio and a French banlieue: The Case of North African Second Generations

Cecilia Eseverri-Mayer

doi:10.29333/ejecs/640

Authors

Cecilia Eseverri-Mayer Complutense University of Madrid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/640

Keywords:

Islam, Islamophobia, North African background, second generations, segregated neighborhoods, self-identification.

Abstract

This comparative and qualitative research examines the types of ethnic, racial, religious, and social identification that North-African second generations adopted in a banlieue of Paris and a peripheral barrio of Madrid. Four types of self-identification were detected in the neighborhood of Les Bosquets (Paris) and three in the neighborhood of San Cristobal (Madrid). In Les Bosquets, isolation, Islamophobia and the relationships with the police give rise to a "reactive ethnicity"; a new conservative Islam gains many followers ("Muslim self-identification"); race appears for the first time as an element of self-identification ("indigenous self-identification”) and secularism has waned (“laïc self-identification”). In San Cristóbal, a significant share still feels like immigrants (“immigrant identification”); a new Spanish-Muslim generation (“hybrid self-identification”) is born, and the most vulnerable youth adopt a conservative Islam while simultaneously developing a sense of “neighborhood pride” and identification with the working class (“neighborhood identification”).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Cecilia Eseverri-Mayer, Complutense University of Madrid

Cecilia Eseverri-Mayer is a professor at the Complutense University of Madrid and currently heads a project aimed at preventing violent extremism (CIVIL PREVENT) in Spain. She carried out intense ethnographic work in disadvantaged urban areas in Madrid, Paris and London. This experience has given her a unique insight into migration and youth studies, urban conflict and poverty, and ethnic and religious relations. She was a Marie Curie fellow (from 2013 to 2015) and was also the recipient of a BBVA Leonardo Grant (2017-2019) and her work has been published in a variety of international journals.

References

Abdellali, A & Mohammed, M. (2016). Islamophobia. La Découverte.

Alba, R. & Waters, M. (2011). The next generation: Immigrant youth in a comparative perspective. New York University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814707425.001.0001

Ayuntamiento de Madrid (2017) Paro registrado por barrios a 1 de Enero de 2016. Subdirección General de Estadística.

Barou, J. (2014). Integration of Immigrants in France. A Historical Perspective”. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 21 (6), 642-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2014.882840

Barwick, Ch. & Beaman, J. (2019). Living for the neighborhood: Marginalization and belonging for the second-generation in Berlin and Paris. Comparative Migration Studies, 7(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0105-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-019-0119-5

Bastug, M. F. (2020). Senses of Belonging and Identity within North American Turkish Diaspora in the post-9/11 Era. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/7841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/7841

Beaman, J. (2017). Citizen outsider: Children of North African immigrants in France. University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/luminos.39

Berry, J. W. & Hou, F. (2017). Acculturation, discrimination and wellbeing among second generation of immigrants in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 61, 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2017.08.003

Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 3(55), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x

Berry, J.W. (1980) Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In Padilla, A., (Ed.), Acculturation: Theory, Models and Findings, (pp. 9-25). Westview, Boulder.

Bertaux, D. (1980). L’approche biographique: Sa validité méthodologique, ses potentialités [The biographical approach: Its methodological validity, its potential]. Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie, 69, 197-225. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40689912

Bouamama, S. (1990). La citoyenneté dans tous ses états: De immigration à la nouvelle citoyenneté. L’Harmattan.

Bourdieu, P. (1979). La distinction: Critique social du jugement [The distinction: Social critique of judgment]. Editions Minuit.

Bourdieu, P. (1993). La misère du monde [The misery of the world]. Points.

Brubaker, R. (2001). Au-delà de l’identité [Beyond identity]. Actes de Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 4(139), 66-85. https://www.persee.fr/doc/arss_0335-5322_2001_num_ 139_1_3508 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.2001.3508

Castel, R. (1995) La métamorphose de la question sociale, Une chronique du salariat. Fayard. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/agora.1995.1517

Castells, M. (2005). La era de la información. Economía, sociedad y cultura (Vol 2). El poder de la identidad [The age of information. Economy, society and culture (Vol 2). The power of identity]. Alianza Editorial.

Chacal, E. (2015). A divided republic nation, state and citizenship in contemporary France. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107447936

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design. Choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.

Crul, M. & Mollenkopf, J. (2012). The changing face of world cities: Young adult children of immigrants in Europe and the United States. Rasel Sage Foundation.

Crul, M. Schneider, J. & Leslie, F. (2012). The European second generation compared: Does the integration context matter? Amsterdam University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048516926

Crul, M., & Thomson, M. (2007). The second generation in Europe and the United States: How is the transatlantic debate relevant for further research on the European second generation? Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies 33(7), 1025–1041. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701541556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830701541556

Denzin, N. K. & Lincon, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Sage.

Drouhot, L. G. & Nee, V. (2019). Assimilation and the second generation in Europe and America: Blending and segregating social dynamics between immigrants and natives. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 177-199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041335

Dubet, F. (1982). La galère. Jeunes en survie [A hard time. Survival youth]. Persée.

Eseverri-Mayer, C. (2015). Jóvenes en tierra de nadie. CIS.

Eseverri-Mayer, C. (2017). Construyendo pertenencias: Hijos y nietos de inmigrantes en los suburbios de Madrid y París. Anuario de la inmigración en España, 12(2017), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.24241/AnuarioCIDOBInmi.2017.276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24241/AnuarioCIDOBInmi.2017.276

Eseverri-Mayer, C. (2019). Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds. Urban Studies, 56(13), 2616-2634. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018801160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018801160

Eseverri-Mayer; C. (2007). La “revuelta urbana” de los hijos de inmigrantes en Francia. Migraciones Internacionales, 4(2), 189-200.

Gebhardt, D., Zapata-Barrero, R. & Bria, V. E. (2017). Trayectorias de jóvenes de origen diverso en Barcelona. Explorando tendencias y patrones [Trajectories of youth of diverse origin in Barcelona. Exploring trends and patterns]. GRITIM-UPF Policy Series 5. Barcelona. Pompeu Fabra University.

Glaser, B. & Strauss A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Strategies for qualitative research. Sociology Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014

Gurer, C. (2019). Refugee Perspectives on Integration in Germany. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 3(2), 52-70. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/6433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/6433

Jacobson, J (2010). Islamic traditions and Muslim youth in Norway. Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004178908.i-420

Jacobson, J. (1997). Religion and ethnicity: Dual and alternative sources of identity among young British Pakistanis. Ethnic & Racial Studies, 20(2), 238-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1997.9993960 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1997.9993960

Jencks, C. & Mayer, S. (1990). The social consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood. In L. M. McGeary & L. Lynn (Eds.), Concentrated urban poverty in America (pp. 111–186). National Academy.

Keaton, D. (2010). The politics of race-blindness: (Anti) Blackness and category-blindness in contemporary France. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 7(1), 103–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X10000202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X10000202

Kepel. G. (1987). Les banlieues de l'Islam. Naissance d´une religion en France. Gallimar.

Khosrokhavar, F. (1998). L’islam des jeunes [Youth Islam]. Persée.

Madonia, S. (2018). Musulmanes, jóvenes y ciudadanos. Un estudio etnográfico en la Comunidad de Madrid. CSIC.

Moreras, J. (2018). Identidades a la intemperie. Una mirada antropológica a la radicalización en Europa [Identities in the open. An anthropological look at radicalization in Europe]. Ediciones Bellaterra.